I-aluminiyam yeyona nto iphezulu egqitywe mva nje yeentsimbi ezisetyenziswa lishishini ngezixa ezikhulu.Eyaziwa ngokuba yi "alumina," iikhompawundi ze-aluminiyam zazisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa amayeza kwi-Egypt yamandulo kunye nokuseta idayi yelaphu ngexesha elithile lamaXesha Aphakathi.
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo, izazinzulu zarhanela ukuba ezo khompawundi ziqulethe isinyithi, kwaye ngo-1807, isazi samachiza esiNgesi uSir Humphry Davy sazama ukuyihlukanisa.Nangona iinzame zakhe zasilela, uDavy waqinisekisa ukuba i-alumina yayinesiseko sentsimbi, awathi kuqala wabizwa ngokuba yi "alumium."Kamva uDavy wayitshintsha le nto yaba yi-“aluminiyam,” kwaye, nanjengoko izazinzulu kumazwe amaninzi zipela igama elithi “aluminiyam,” abantu abaninzi baseMelika basebenzisa upelo oluhlaziyiweyo lukaDavy.
Ngowe-1825, usokhemisti waseDanish ogama linguHans Christian Ørsted efficaciouslyyedwa ialuminiyam, kwaye kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva, ingcali yefiziksi egama linguFriedrich Wohler waseJamani yajika yakwazi ukwenza amasuntswana amakhulu esinyithi;nangona kunjalo, i-debris kaWohler ibiyeyona ingcono kakhulu imilinganiselo yeentloko zephini.
Ngo-1854 uHenri Sainte-Claire Deville, isazinzulu saseFransi, wasebenzisa ubuchule bukaWohler ngokwaneleyo ukwenza amagaqa e-aluminiyam amakhulu njengamabhastile.Inkqubo kaDeville yabonelela ngesiseko soshishino lwe-aluminiyam yokusika, kunye neentsimbi eziphambili ze-aluminium ezenziwe zaboniswa ngo-1855 kwi-Paris Exposition.
Kule meko ixabiso eligqithileyo lokwahlula isinyithi esandula ukufunyanwa sinyanzeliswa kurhwebo lwayo.Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1866 izazinzulu ziqhuba nganye nganye ngaphakathi eUnited States naseFransi ngaxeshanye zaqhubela phambili into ebizwa ngokuba yiHolo-Héroult indlela yokuhlukanisa i-alumina kwioksijini ngoncedo lokusebenzisa umbane wangoku.Ngelixa uCharles Hall ngamnye kunye noPaul-Louis-Toussaint Héroult benelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza abazifumeneyo, eMelika naseFransi ngokulandelelanayo, iHolo yaba yeyona nto iphambili ekuqondeni amandla emali endlela yakhe yokucoca.
Ngo-1888 yena kunye namaqabane amaninzi baseka iNkampani yokuNcitshiswa kwePittsburgh, eyavelisa iingots zokuqala ze-aluminium kwiinyanga ezili-12.Ngokusebenzisa umbane ophehlwa ngamanzi ukuze kunikwe amandla iplanti enkulu yokuguqula ekufutshane neeNgxangxasi zaseNiagara kunye nokubonelela ngemfuno ekhulayo yorhwebo lwealuminium, umqeshi weHolo—owathiywa ngokutsha ngokuba yiAluminium Company of America (Alcoa) ngowe-1907—waphumelela.UHéroult kamva wafaka iAluminium-Industrie-Aktien-Gesellschaft eSwitzerland.Ngokukhuthazwa ngoncedo lomnxeba okhulayo we-aluminiyam ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala neyesi-II, uninzi lweendawo ezahlukeneyo eziphuhlileyo zamazwe ngamazwe zaqala ukubonelela nge-aluminiyam yazo.
Ngowe-1903, iFransi ibe lilizwe lokuqala ukuvelisa i-foil esuka kwi-aluminium ecocekileyo.I-United States yalandela ishumi leminyaka kamva, ukusetyenziswa kwayo okokuqala kwemveliso entsha ibe ngamabhanti emilenze ukufumanisa amahobe okubaleka.Ifoyile yeAluminiyam yajika yakhawuleza yasetyenziselwa imigqomo kunye nokupakishwa, kwaye iMfazwe Yehlabathi II yawukhawulezisa lo mkhwa, yamisela ifoyile ye-aluminium njengelaphu lokupakisha eliphambili.
Kuze kube yiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, i-Alcoa yahlala ikuphela komvelisi waseMelika we-aluminium ecocekileyo, kodwa namhlanje kukho abavelisi abasixhenxe ababalulekileyo be-aluminium foil ebekwe ngaphakathi e-United States.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-08-2022